What we do. We advance the observation, understanding, modeling, prediction, and operational interpretation of snow and frozen-ground processes, particularly in transitional environments in the northeastern United States, and evaluate their consequences for mobility, forest management, water, and hazards. 

How we do it. We synthesize uncrewed aerial systems (UAS; aka drones) data, focused field campaigns, satellite remote sensing, and modeling techniques. We also engineer new UAS observing platforms, including optical, LiDAR, hyperspectral, thermal, gamma ray, and ground penetrating radar (GPR).

Why we do it. Over one-third of the Earth has seasonal snow with annual cycles of accumulation and melt, and winter conditions are changing faster than those in any other season. Emerging modeling and observing techniques are increasingly available to better understand these changes and their impacts.

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