{"id":62,"date":"2023-02-01T17:43:02","date_gmt":"2023-02-01T17:43:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.usnh.edu\/katharine-a-duderstadt\/?page_id=62"},"modified":"2023-02-01T17:57:46","modified_gmt":"2023-02-01T17:57:46","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.usnh.edu\/katharine-a-duderstadt\/research\/","title":{"rendered":"Research"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\t<p><strong>Historical Solar Variability\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.usnh.edu\/katharine-a-duderstadt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/02\/solar-variability.png\" alt=\"solar-variability\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"58\" width=\"236\" title=\"solar-variability\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n\t<p>Over the past half-century the satellite era has yielded increasingly detailed datasets of light and particles emanating from the Sun, allowing investigations into solar\u00a0variability and its impact on the Earth system. Ground-based measurements from neutron monitors, magnetometer observations and sunspot records provide insight before this time. However, beyond 400 years, the knowledge of solar variability relies on the interpretation of paleoclimate archives, most significantly cosmogenic radionuclides such as carbon-14 (<sup>14<\/sup>C) in tree rings and beryllium-10 (<sup>10<\/sup>Be) in polar ice cores.\u00a0 Global climate models simulations are needed to understand the path from production of these radioisotopes in the upper atmosphere to sequestration in paleoarchives, with the hope of providing reconstructions of solar activity needed to predict the frequency and strength of solar storms as well as solar influences on global and regional climate<\/p>\n\t<p><strong>Energetic Particle Precipitation<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.usnh.edu\/katharine-a-duderstadt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/02\/Energetic-Particle-Precipitation.png\" alt=\"Energetic-Particle-Precipitation\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"158\" width=\"255\" title=\"Energetic-Particle-Precipitation\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n\t<p>Over the past half-century the satellite era has yielded increasingly detailed datasets of light and particles emanating from the Sun, allowing investigations into solar\u00a0variability and its impact on the Earth system. Ground-based measurements from neutron monitors, magnetometer observations and sunspot records provide insight before this time. However, beyond 400 years, the knowledge of solar variability relies on the interpretation of paleoclimate archives, most significantly cosmogenic radionuclides such as carbon-14 (<sup>14<\/sup>C) in tree rings and beryllium-10 (<sup>10<\/sup>Be) in polar ice cores.\u00a0 Global climate models simulations are needed to understand the path from production of these radioisotopes in the upper atmosphere to sequestration in paleoarchives, with the hope of providing reconstructions of solar activity needed to predict the frequency and strength of solar storms as well as solar influences on global and regional climate<\/p>\n\t<meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"2022 CEDAR Workshop: Plenary Session 6\/22\/2022\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2022-06-22\" \/><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.usnh.edu\/katharine-a-duderstadt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/02\/Screen-Shot-2023-02-01-at-12.48.03-PM.png\" \/><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"2022 CEDAR Workshop: Plenary Session 6\/22\/2022\" \/><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/NwR3NWfqY2Y\" \/><meta itemprop=\"embedUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/NwR3NWfqY2Y\" \/><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"2022 CEDAR Workshop: Plenary Session 6\/22\/22\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NwR3NWfqY2Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\t<h3>Ozone Photochemistry and Transport<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.usnh.edu\/katharine-a-duderstadt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/02\/Ozone-photochemistry-transport.png\" alt=\"Ozone-photochemistry-transport\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"164\" width=\"200\" title=\"Ozone-photochemistry-transport\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n\t<p>By controlling levels of the hydroxyl radical (OH), ozone regulates the oxidation capacity of the troposphere, influencing background levels of trace chemical species. \u00a0Oxidation properties within the atmospheric planetary boundary layer in particular influence the fate of pollutants emitted from the surface as well as the amount of chemical deposition to the biosphere. \u00a0Polluted plumes coming from industrial regions along with biomass burning plumes from wildfires can affect ozone production and loss rates in remote regions, impacting background ozone levels in the\u00a0global atmosphere. \u00a0While large amounts of progress have been made in past decades regarding the photochemistry of ozone and its precursors, questions still remain\u00a0with respect to\u00a0the\u00a0fate and impact of polluted continental plumes on the global atmosphere.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Historical Solar Variability\u00a0 Over the past half-century the satellite era has yielded increasingly detailed datasets of light and particles emanating from the Sun, allowing investigations into solar\u00a0variability and its impact on the Earth system. Ground-based measurements from neutron monitors, magnetometer observations and sunspot records provide insight before this time. However, beyond 400 years, the knowledge [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-62","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.usnh.edu\/katharine-a-duderstadt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/62","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.usnh.edu\/katharine-a-duderstadt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.usnh.edu\/katharine-a-duderstadt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.usnh.edu\/katharine-a-duderstadt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.usnh.edu\/katharine-a-duderstadt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/sites.usnh.edu\/katharine-a-duderstadt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/62\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71,"href":"https:\/\/sites.usnh.edu\/katharine-a-duderstadt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/62\/revisions\/71"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.usnh.edu\/katharine-a-duderstadt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}